Effect of Justicia schimperiana (Acanthaceae) roots extract on blood glucose level and lipid profiles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

Background: Justicia schimperiana has been used traditionally for the treatment of different diseases, including, diabetes. Yet, no in vivo study was conducted to substantiate these claims. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Justicia schimperiana roots extract on blood glucose levels and lipid profiles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Methods: Male Swiss albino mice weighing 25-35 g were induced diabetes with 150 mg/kg of STZ. Animals were randomly grouped into six groups of five each. Group I was a normal control, Group II was a Diabetic control, Group III-V were Diabetic Mice treated with the extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) respectively, and Group VI was standard control. The treatments were followed for 14 days. The FBG measurements were done on 0, 7th, and 14th days of treatment. On the 15th day, the mice were anesthetized with diethyl ether; blood samples were collected for the assessment of serum lipid profiles. The antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activities of the extract were also investigated in vitro using the DPPH and DNSA assay methods, respectively. The data were entered into EPI DATA version 4.6, exported to IBM, SPSS version 26.0, and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The hydromethanolic extract of J. schimperiana roots exhibited no toxicity up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. In the STZ-induced diabetic mice, the extract reduced blood glucose levels at all tested doses: 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg on the 14th day as compared to diabetic control. The higher dose showed maximum reduction (29.73 %, p < 0.001) on the 14th day of treatment compared to the baseline. There were significant reductions in serum TG, TC, LDL, and a significant increase in body weight and HDL compared to the diabetic control. Besides, good antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity were obtained from the in vitro laboratory tests. Conclusions: Evidence from our study revealed that the root extract of J. schimperiana has antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects in STZ-induced diabetic mice.

On Theoretical Edges and Exclusionary Borders: Towards a Genealogy of "Analyzability" in Jungian Psychoanalysis1.

An oft-repeated and largely unexamined assumption in Jungian psychoanalysis is the notion of "analyzability", that is, of an individual's ability or present capacity to think symbolically. It is often taught that if someone is unable to think symbolically, a depth analysis is not possible. Such an individual may be more aptly suited for supportive psychotherapy, the argument goes, an experience that may very well lead to the development of the ego's capacity for symbolic thought but is not, in and of itself, a Jungian analysis. While this sort of categorical thinking has, at times, crossed over into ontological claims about individuals and groups, the notion of analyzability encountered in psychoanalytic theory and praxis is often cloaked in facially neutral language. The impact, however, has been anything but neutral in effect. In this paper, I propose a softening of our theoretical edges through a genealogy of the category of analyzability within the broader history of psychoanalysis. Through this excavation, I explore the contingent nature of the category of analyzability, how it has constricted knowledge, perpetuated inequality, and, more broadly, obscured ways of knowing. In so doing, I recover the radically democratic potential that lies at the heart of Jungian psychoanalysis.

Notre tente jungienne est peut­être grande et ses contours théoriques indispensables, mais que se passe­t­il lorsque nos contours théoriques se durcissent, devenant des frontières inhospitalières, des frontières servant à exclure et des zones d'occlusion? Une hypothèse souvent mise en avant et peu remise en question dans la psychanalyse jungienne est la notion d'« analysabilité ¼, c'est­à­dire de l'aptitude d'une personne, ou de sa capacité actuelle, à penser symboliquement. On enseigne souvent que si quelqu'un est incapable de penser symboliquement, une analyse en profondeur n'est pas possible. A une telle personne on proposerait plutôt une psychothérapie de soutien, une expérience qui peut très bien conduire au développement de la capacité de pensée symbolique de l'ego, mais qui n'est pas, en soi, une analyse jungienne. Alors que ce type de pensée catégorique a, en certaines occasions, rejoint des revendications ontologiques sur les individus et les groupes, la notion d'analysabilité rencontrée dans la théorie et la pratique psychanalytiques est souvent enveloppée dans un langage apparemment neutre. L'impact, cependant, a été tout sauf neutre dans ses effets. Dans cet article, je propose un assouplissement de nos frontières théoriques à travers une généalogie du concept d'analysabilité au sein de l'histoire plus large de la psychanalyse. À travers cette plongée, j'ai pour but d'explorer la nature contingente de la notion d'analysabilité, de voir comment elle a limité la connaissance, perpétué des inégalités et, plus largement, obscurci les modes de connaissance. Par cette démarche, je crois que nous pourrions nous rendre compte du potentiel radicalement démocratique qui se trouve au cœur de la psychanalyse jungienne.

Nuestra tienda junguiana puede ser amplia y sus bordes teóricos vitales, pero ¿qué ocurre cuando nuestros bordes teóricos se endurecen, agudizándose en fronteras inhóspitas, límites de exclusión y zonas de oclusión? Un supuesto a menudo repetido y en gran medida no examinado en el psicoanálisis Junguiano es la noción de "analizabilidad", es decir, de la habilidad o capacidad actual de un individuo para pensar simbólicamente. A menudo se enseña que si alguien es incapaz de pensar simbólicamente, no es posible un análisis en profundidad. Tal individuo, se argumenta, puede ser más adecuado para una psicoterapia de apoyo, una experiencia que puede muy bien conducir al desarrollo de la capacidad del ego para el pensamiento simbólico, pero no es, en sí misma, un análisis Junguiano. Aunque este tipo de pensamiento categórico se ha extendido, en ocasiones, a afirmaciones ontológicas sobre individuos y grupos, la noción de analizabilidad encontrada en la teoría y práctica psicoanalíticas suele estar envuelta en un lenguaje aparentemente neutro. Sin embargo, su impacto no ha sido neutro en absoluto. En este artículo, propongo suavizar nuestros bordes teóricos a través de una genealogía de la categoría de analizabilidad dentro de la historia más amplia del psicoanálisis. A través de esta excavación, propongo explorar la naturaleza contingente de la categoría de analizabilidad, cómo ha restringido el conocimiento, perpetuado la desigualdad y, más ampliamente, oscurecido las formas de conocer. Al hacerlo, creo que podríamos darnos cuenta del potencial radicalmente democrático que yace en el corazón del psicoanálisis Junguiano.

Folk medicine, biological activity, and chemical profiles of Brazilian Acanthaceae (Lamiales) - A review.

INTRODUCTION: The botanical family Acanthaceae (order Lamiales) potentially comprises 4900 species in 191 genera with extensive morphological, habit and habitat diversity. The family is widely distributed throughout the world but is especially rich in tropical and subtropical regions. Many of its species have great ornamental importance and are broadly used for medicinal purposes in several countries of Asia and Africa. Brazil is a main center of diversity of the family, where they are distributed across all its biomes, mainly in the herbaceous-shrub stratum. Medicinal investigations about Brazilian species are scarce, the exception being a single native species, Justicia pectoralis Jacq., that is widely used and studied chemically. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This work compiled studies that indicated folk medicinal use, investigated biological activity, or evaluated the chemical composition of Brazilian species of Acanthaceae. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Medicinal uses, investigations of biological activities and chemical data were collected and summarized through bibliographic surveys. Tables were compiled to standardize the information and the appropriate references were gathered for each species. Registration of chemical components used in the treatment of ailments and in preserving health were emphasized with the aim of stimulating future investigations. RESULTS: The breadths of habitats and morphologies of the family are directly related to its chemical diversity, as confirmed here for Brazilian species. Although the investigated species represent less than 9% of the total richness of the family in Brazil, they encompass a great diversity of chemical substances. The data indicated folk medicinal uses for 26 species and biological tests for 23, while 30 species were investigated chemically. Ruellia and Justicia were the most researched genera with 12 and 11 species, representing approximately 14% and 7% of Brazilian species of each genus, respectively. Two species are native to other countries but become naturalized in Brazil. Studies of native species were carried out in different countries around the world, with many reports of medicinal uses and biological tests. Examples of uses include anticancer and antidepressant actions, as well as activities against respiratory problems and other diseases. CONCLUSIONS: This work highlights the chemical and biological diversity of the studied Brazilian species of Acanthaceae, which emphasizes the need to expand studies with native Brazilian species.

Exploring the pharmacological and chemical aspects of pyrrolo-quinazoline derivatives in Adhatoda vasica.

Adhatoda or Justicia is one of the biggest and complex genera of the Acanthaceae family. Adhatoda vasica is commonly known as 'Adosa'. It is an ayurvedic medicine with a medicinal history of more than a thousand years in India. Traditionally, it is used to treat cough, asthma, phlegm, bleeding hemorrhoids, for both adults and youth. This plant possesses antiarthritis, antiseptic, antimicrobial, anti-tuberculosis, anti-inflammatory and abortifacient properties. Alkaloids are the major phytoconstituents present in the plant in the form of pyrrolo-quinazoline derivatives viz vasicine, vasicinone, vasicinol, adhatodine, adhatodinine, adhavasinone and anisotine etc. The asserted objectives are to conduct a systematic review on the phytochemistry, pharmacology and traditional uses of A. vasica, as well as highlighting the challenges found in the research. This will promote the utilization of A. vasica at extract level and further development of new drug leads based on the compounds isolated and used for treatment of various ailments. The present review covers the literature survey from 1888 to 2023. The relevant data has been collected from various peer-reviwed journals, and books via Sci-Finder, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, EBSCO, online electronic journals, SpringerLink and Wiley. This paper aims to present a systematic review of known traditional applications, pharmacological and chemical aspects in Adhatoda vasica.

Toxicological evaluation of chronic oral administration of Justicia schimperiana (Hochst. ex Nees) T. Anderson leaf 80% methanolic extract in Wistar albino rats.

Background: Justicia schimperiana has been widely used for the treatment of various human ailments without scientific proof for chronic toxicity. Thus, this study is aimed to evaluate the chronic toxicity of 80% methanolic extracts of the leaves of Justicia schimperiana in rats. Methods: An 80% crude methanolic extract of the plant leaves was orally administered to Wistar albino rats for 6 months. The experiment was conducted in accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development's guideline number 452. Twenty rats per group and sex were randomly assigned to three treatment groups and a control group. Daily doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg of the extract diluted with distilled water were administered orally to the rats. Rats in the control group received distilled water orally. Weekly body weight and daily food intake were measured. At the end, rats were sacrificed for histopathological, biochemical and hematological tests. The statistical analysis was done using the Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way analysis of variance. Results: Six months daily oral administration of the plant extract did not significantly affect the rats' food consumption, organ weight, and histopathology. Rats treated with 1000 mg/kg extract, however, significantly increased liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase), and kidney function tests (creatinine and urea). Additionally, the high dose extract administered rats showed significantly lower red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit compared to the control group. Conclusion: Six months oral administration in Wistar albino rats in this experiment indicated that Justicia schimperiana is relatively safe at lower and medium doses. However, increased liver enzymes, increased kidney function tests and decreased red blood cell indices was observed in rats treated at higher doses. To obtain a thorough understanding of the plant's toxicity profile, it is advised that future studies be conducted on teratogenicity and reproductive toxicity.

La figura de facilitación de acceso a la justicia. Comparación internacional de un reto formativo / Intermediaries in Access to Justice. International Comparison of a Training Challenge

El facilitador es un profesional que posibilita el ejercicio del derecho de acceso a la justicia a las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo, favoreciendo los principios de equidad, participación, accesibilidad y autodeterminación. En el presente estudio, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica para determinar la presencia de esta figura en el panorama internacional y su perfil formativo. En el derecho internacional, actualmente, podemos encontrarla en algunos países nórdicos, Reino Unido, Israel, Azerbaiyán, Taiwán, Sudáfrica, Kenia, Canadá, varios estados de EE. UU., México y Chile, así como en parte del territorio australiano y Nueva Zelanda. En España, la figura aparece en la última reforma de la legislación civil y procesal (Ley 8/2021, de 2 de junio). En su perfil formativo encontramos tanto la educación formal como no formal de estos profesionales. El perfil del facilitador habrá de ajustarse a las necesidades de las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo y del contexto que requiera la facilitación. (AU)

Intermediaries are professionals who enable the effective right of access to justice for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, ensuring principles of equity, participation, accessibility and self-determination for them. This paper analyzes the presence and formative background of this figure from an international comparative perspective. Nowadays, we can find these professionals in the international law across different countries: some Nordic countries, United Kingdom, Israel, Azerbaijan, Taiwan, South Africa, Kenya, Canada, part of the USA, Mexico and Chile, Australia and New Zealand. In Spain, intermediaries are considered in the latest reform of the civil and procedural legislation (Law 8/2021, June the 2nd). This paper analyzes the formative background of this figure from an international comparative perspective. We find both formal and non-formal education in the background of these professionals. There is no doubt their profile must adjust to the needs of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and the contexts that require the facilitation. (AU)

El trabajo social y sus intervenciones de apoyo a la capacidad jurídica de las personas, tras la Ley 8/2021 / Social Work and its Interventions to Support the Legal Capacity of People, after Law 8/2021

La relación del trabajo social con la Administración de Justicia adquiere una nueva dimensión en el campo de la discapacidad. La Ley 8/2021, por la que se reforma la legislación civil y procesal para el apoyo a las personas con discapacidad en el ejercicio de su capacidad jurídica, reconoce la importancia de esta profesión y la sitúa junto a la profesión médica en cuánto a la información pericial y la intervención a realizar con personas con discapacidad. La cuestión de los apoyos para mejorar la capacidad jurídica es una variable fundamental para que la valoración sociofamiliar sea necesaria. La aportación de este estudio es descriptiva y propositiva, sitúa la ley en relación con la situación social y con la profesión del trabajo social. Posteriormente, detalla las disciplinas o especialidades del trabajo social que pueden participar en estos procedimientos judiciales, con ejemplos de relaciones previas entre la regulación de la discapacidad y el trabajo social. Finalmente, realiza una propuesta de trabajo, un inicio de protocolo de actuación entre disciplinas para buscar la colaboración en forma de mesa redonda que recoge la ley. (AU)

The relationship between social work and the administration of justice acquires a new dimension in the field of disability. Law 8/2021, which reforms civil and procedural legislation to support people with disabilities in the exercise of their legal capacity, recognizes the importance of this profession and places it on a par with the medical profession in terms of expert information and intervention to be carried out with people with disabilities. The question of support to improve legal capacity is a fundamental variable for the socio-family assessment to be necessary. The contribution of this study is descriptive and propositional; it places the law concerning the social situation and the profession of social work. Subsequently, it details the disciplines or specialties of social work that can participate in these judicial proceedings, with examples of previous relationships between the regulation of disability and social work. Finally, it makes a work proposal, a beginning of the protocol of action between disciplines to seek collaboration in the form of a round table that includes the law. (AU)

Chloroplast genome of Justicia procumbens: genomic features, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships among Justicieae species.

Justicia procumbens L. is a traditional medicinal plant that is widely distributed in China. However, little is known about the genetic diversity and evolution of this genus, and no genomic studies have been carried out on J. procumbens previously. In this study, we aimed to assemble and annotate the first complete chloroplast genome (cpDNA) of J. procumbens and compare it with all previously published cpDNAs within the tribe Justicieae. Genome structure and comparative and phylogenetic analyses were performed. The 150,454 bp-long J. procumbens cpDNA has a circular and quadripartite structure consisting of a large single copy, a small single copy, and two inverted repeat regions. It contains 133 genes, of which 88 are protein-coding genes, 37 are tRNA genes, and eight are rRNA genes. Twenty-four simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 81 repeat sequences were identified. Comparative analyses with other Justicieae species revealed that the non-coding regions of J. procumbens cpDNA showed greater variation than did the coding regions. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis based on 14 cpDNA sequences from Justicieae species showed that J. procumbens and J. flava were most closely related. This study provides valuable genetic information to support further research on the genetic diversity and evolutionary development of the tribe Justicieae.

Justicia procumbens prevents hair loss in androgenic alopecia mice.

The plant Justicia procumbens is traditionally used in Asia to treat fever, cough, and pain. Previous studies have reported its anticancer and anti-asthmatic properties. However, its potential for preventing androgenic alopecia (AGA) has not yet been reported. AGA is a widespread hair loss condition primarily caused by male hormones. In this study, we examined the hair loss-preventing effects of an aqueous extract of J. procumbens (JPAE) using human hair follicle dermal papilla cell (HFDPC) and a mouse model of testosterone-induced AGA. JPAE treatment increased HFDPC proliferation by activating the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. Additionally, JPAE increased the expression of Wnt targets, such as cyclin D1 and VEGF, by promoting the translocation of ß-catenin to the nucleus. Administration of JPAE reduced hair loss, increased hair thickness, and enhanced hair shine in an AGA mouse model. Furthermore, it increased the expression of p-GSK-3ß and ß-catenin in the dorsal skin of the mice. These findings imply that JPAE promotes the proliferation of HFDPC and prevents hair loss in an AGA mouse model. JPAE can therefore be used as a functional food and natural treatment option for AGA to prevent hair loss.

Cuerpo y narrativas: escenas sociodramáticas desde la cotidianidad necropolítica mexicana / Corpo e narrativas: cenas sociodramáticas da vida cotidiana necropolítica mexicana / Body and narratives: sociodramatic scenes from mexican necropolitical everyday life

RESUMEN Este trabajo intenta responder a la pregunta: "¿Cuáles cuestiones de nuestros países atraviesan a nuestras instituciones?", que fue el título de una de las mesas del 14 Congreso Iberoamericano de Psicodrama celebrado en Florianópolis, Brasil en septiembre del 2023. El objetivo es dar una mirada macro del contexto mexicano desde los lentes de la necropolítica para aterrizar en la experiencia sociodramática del Microlaboratorio de escenarios de justicia social en Nuevo León, un proyecto transdisciplinario cuyo propósito estuvo centrado en imaginar escenarios futuros sobre justicia social, realizado entre marzo y junio del 2023 en la ciudad de Monterrey, Nuevo Léon, México.

RESUMO Este artigo tenta responder à pergunta: "Que questões de nossos países atravessam nossas instituições?", que foi o título de uma das mesas do 14º Congresso Ibero-Americano de Psicodrama realizado em Florianópolis, Brasil, em setembro de 2023. O objetivo é lançar um olhar macro sobre o contexto mexicano por meio das lentes da necropolítica para aterrissar na experiência sociodramática do Microlaboratorio de escenarios de justicia social en Nuevo León, um projeto transdisciplinar cujo objetivo se concentrou em imaginar cenários futuros sobre justiça social, realizado entre março e junho de 2023 na cidade de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.

ABSTRACT This work attempts to answer the question: "What issues in our countries affect our institutions?", which was the title of one of the tables at the 14 Ibero-American Congress of Psychodrama held in Florianópolis, Brazil in September 2023. The objective is to give a macro view at the Mexican context from the lenses of necropolitics to land on the sociodramatic experience of the Microlaboratory of social justice scenarios in Nuevo León, a transdisciplinary project whose purpose was focused on imagining future scenarios on social justice that was carried out between March and June 2023 in the city of Monterrey, Nuevo Léon, Mexico.

New lignan glycosides from Justicia secunda Vahl (Acanthaceae) with antimicrobial and antiparasitic properties.

Three new lignan glucosides, namely, justisecundosides A (1), B (2a), and C (2b), were isolated from the whole plant of Justicia secunda together with seven known compounds (3-9). Their structures were established based on a comprehensive analysis of HR-ESI-MS, IR, UV, and CD, in conjunction with their 1D and 2D-NMR data. A putative biogenetic pathway of compounds 1-2a,b from coniferyl alcohol was proposed. In addition, the antimicrobialactivities of the extract, fractions, and some isolated compounds were assessed against multiresistant bacterial and fungal strains. Furthermore, the antiplasmodial, antileishmanial, and antitrypanosomal activities were assessed against the sensitive (3D7) and multidrug-resistant (Dd2) strains of P. falciparum, promastigote and bloodstream forms of L. donovani, and Trypanosoma brucei, respectively. Compound 4 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus SA RN 46003 with a MIC value of 62.5 µg/mL. Besides, compound 6 demonstrated a very good activity against sensitive (IC50Pf3D7: 0.81 µg/mL) and multidrug-resistant (IC50PfDd2: 14.61 µg/mL) strains of P. falciparum while compound 4 displayed good antitrypanosomal activity (IC50: 1.19 µg/mL). Also, compound 1 was the most active on the promastigote form of L. donovani with an IC50 of 13.02 µg/mL.

Complete plastid genome structure of 13 Asian Justicia (Acanthaceae) species: comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses.

BACKGROUND: Justicia L. is the largest genus in Acanthaceae Juss. and widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Previous phylogenetic studies have proposed a general phylogenetic framework for Justicia based on several molecular markers. However, their studies were mainly focused on resolution of phylogenetic issues of Justicia in Africa, Australia and South America due to limited sampling from Asia. Additionally, although Justicia plants are of high medical and ornamental values, little research on its genetics was reported. Therefore, to improve the understanding of its genomic structure and relationships among Asian Justicia plants, we sequenced complete chloroplast (cp.) genomes of 12 Asian plants and combined with the previously published cp. genome of Justicia leptostachya Hemsl. for further comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses. RESULTS: All the cp. genomes exhibit a typical quadripartite structure without genomic rearrangement and gene loss. Their sizes range from 148,374 to 151,739 bp, including a large single copy (LSC, 81,434-83,676 bp), a small single copy (SSC, 16,833-17,507 bp) and two inverted repeats (IR, 24,947-25,549 bp). GC contents range from 38.1 to 38.4%. All the plastomes contain 114 genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs. IR variation and repetitive sequences analyses both indicated that Justicia grossa C. B. Clarke is different from other Justicia species because its lengths of ndhF and ycf1 in IRs are shorter than others and it is richest in SSRs and dispersed repeats. The ycf1 gene was identified as the candidate DNA barcode for the genus Justicia. Our phylogenetic results showed that Justicia is a polyphyletic group, which is consistent with previous studies. Among them, J. grossa belongs to subtribe Tetramerinae of tribe Justicieae while the other Justicia members belong to subtribe Justiciinae. Therefore, based on morphological and molecular evidence, J. grossa should be undoubtedly recognized as a new genus. Interestingly, the evolutionary history of Justicia was discovered to be congruent with the morphology evolution. CONCLUSION: Our study not only elucidates basic features of Justicia whole plastomes, but also sheds light on interspecific relationships of Asian Justicia plants for the first time.

Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity Evaluation of the Crude Methanolic Extract of Justicia schimperiana Leaf in Wistar Albino Rats.

Purpose: This study evaluates the acute and sub-acute toxicity of 80% methanolic extracts of the leaves of Justicia schimperiana in Wistar albino rat models. Methods: Dried powdered leaves of Justicia schimperiana were macerated in 80% methanol. The experiment was conducted in accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline 423 for acute and 407 for sub-acute toxicity testing. A single dose of 5000 mg/kg extract was orally administered to three female rats for the acute toxicity study. The plant extract was administered orally for 28 days in daily dosages of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for the sub-acute study. Animals in a control group were given distilled water. A total of 40 rats (5 rats/group/sex) were used for the sub-acute toxicity testing. Daily food intake and weekly body weight measurements were done. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the 28-day treatment period for hematological, biochemical, and histopathological tests. One-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed for the analysis. Results: The single-dose oral administration of the plant resulted in no deaths or serious morbidity. The median lethal dose was >5000 mg/kg. The 28-day oral treatment of the plant extract had no significant effect on general behavior, food intake, organ weight, biochemical parameters, or the majority of the hematological markers, with the exception of the decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit in the 1000 mg/kg extract-treated groups compared to the controls. Both sexes experienced significant weight increases at all dosage levels. With the exception of minor alterations in a few of the organs, no significant histological change was identified. Conclusion: It is concluded that the single-dose and repeated-dose 28-day oral administration of the methanolic leaf extract of Justicia schimperiana is relatively safe.

Equity in health and justice: a look at the Brazilian unified health system (SUS) from the perspective of John Rawls

This study addresses the issue of equity in health and justice from the perspective of public health bioethics, describing the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), equating legitimate interests for essential goods, such as health. The conception of John Rawls' theory of justice is "justice as fairness" and has a seventeenth century contractualism tenor. Although it was not conceived specifically for health and marked by the "difference principle", it promoted, in the field of health care, the institution of health systems created on the basis of universal access and equity in the distribution of scarce resources. The principles of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) guarantee access to all levels of care, equality in health care, without distinctions or privileges of any kind, integrity in health care, free of charge, community participation and decentralization, regionalization and hierarchization of health actions and services, which gives the SUS a strong Rawlsian bias. The Brazilian model was built on the principle that health is a right of all and a duty of the State, therefore, it is based on the assumption of universal and equal access to health actions and services for its promotion and recovery.

Este estudio aborda el tema equidad en salud y justicia desde la perspectiva de la bioética de la salud pública, describiendo el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) brasileño, equiparando intereses legítimos por los bienes esenciales, como la salud. La concepción de la teoría de justicia de John Rawls es la "justicia como equidad" y tiene un tenor de contractualismo del siglo XVII. Aunque no fue concebida específicamente para la salud y marcada por el "principio de la diferencia", impulsó, en el ámbito de la atención sanitaria, la institución de sistemas de salud creados sobre la base del acceso universal y la equidad en la distribución de recursos escasos. Los principios del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) brasileño garantizan el acceso para todos los niveles asistenciales, igualdad en la atención a la salud, sin distinciones ni privilegios de ningún tipo, integridad en la asistencia a la salud, gratuidad, participación comunitaria y una descentralización, regionalización y jerarquización de las acciones y servicios de salud, lo que da al SUS un fuerte sesgo rawlsiano. El modelo brasileño se construyó sobre el principio de que la salud es un derecho de todos y un deber del Estado, por lo tanto, se basa en el supuesto del acceso universal e igualitario a las acciones y servicios de salud para su promoción y recuperación.

Este estudo aborda a questão da equidade em saúde e da justiça sob a perspectiva da bioética da saúde pública, descrevendo o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), equiparando interesses legítimos para bens essenciais, como a saúde. A concepção da teoria da justiça de John Rawls é "justiça como equidade" e tem um teor contratualista do século XVII. Embora não tenha sido concebida especificamente para a saúde e marcada pelo "princípio da diferença", ela promoveu, no campo da assistência à saúde, a instituição de sistemas de saúde criados com base no acesso universal e na equidade na distribuição de recursos escassos. Os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) garantem o acesso a todos os níveis de atenção, a igualdade na assistência à saúde, sem distinções ou privilégios de qualquer espécie, a integralidade na assistência à saúde, a gratuidade, a participação da comunidade e a descentralização, regionalização e hierarquização das ações e serviços de saúde, o que confere ao SUS um forte viés rawlsiano. O modelo brasileiro foi construído com base no princípio de que a saúde é um direito de todos e um dever do Estado, portanto, parte do pressuposto do acesso universal e igualitário às ações e serviços de saúde para sua promoção e recuperação.

Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Studies Reveal the Anticancer Potential of Medicinal-Plant-Derived Lignans as MDM2-P53 Interaction Inhibitors.

The interaction between the tumor suppressor protein p53 and its negative regulator, the MDM2 oncogenic protein, has gained significant attention in cancer drug discovery. In this study, 120 lignans reported from Ferula sinkiangensis and Justicia procumbens were assessed for docking simulations on the active pocket of the MDM2 crystal structure bound to Nutlin-3a. The docking analysis identified nine compounds with higher docking scores than the co-crystallized reference. Subsequent AMDET profiling revealed satisfactory pharmacokinetic and safety parameters for these natural products. Three compounds, namely, justin A, 6-hydroxy justicidin A, and 6'-hydroxy justicidin B, were selected for further investigation due to their strong binding affinities of -7.526 kcal/mol, -7.438 kcal/mol, and -7.240 kcal/mol, respectively, which surpassed the binding affinity of the reference inhibitor Nutlin-3a (-6.830 kcal/mol). To assess the stability and reliability of the binding of the candidate hits, a molecular dynamics simulation was performed over a duration of 100 ns. Remarkably, the thorough analysis demonstrated that all the hits exhibited stable molecular dynamics profiles. Based on their effective binding to MDM2, favorable pharmacokinetic properties, and molecular dynamics behavior, these compounds represent a promising starting point for further refinement. Nevertheless, it is essential to synthesize the suggested compounds and evaluate their activity through in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Gender-based analysis of players’ perceptions of their coach / Análisis en funcion del genero de los jugadores sobre la percepcion que tienen de su entrenador

This study aimed to analyze gender differences in athletes' perception of their coaches' authentic leadership style, perceived justice, competence, and attention to basic psychological needs. A total of 217 soccer and handball players (147 men and 70 women) participated. In contrast to male athletes, female athletes showed higher levels in the selected variables. This study should be helpful for coaches to identify their athletes' different perceptions depending on gender. Consequently, coaches may use a different approach depending on their team’s gender (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar en función del género de los jugadores la percepción que tienen de sus entrenadores respecto a su estilo de liderazgo auténtico, justicia percibida, competencia y atención a las necesidades psicológicas básicas. Participaron en el estudio 217 jugadores de fútbol y balonmano (147 hombres y 70 mujeres). Las deportistas de género femenino a diferencias de los de género masculino, mostraron niveles más altos en las variables psicológicas seleccionadas. Este estudio debería ser útil a los entrenadores para reconocer cuales son las percepciones de sus deportistas, y de este modo, poder matizar su intervención en función del género del equipo al cual se entrene (AU)

Factores sociodemográficos en la dinámica del comportamiento delictivo: análisis descriptivo de criminalidad en Colombia, año 2022 / Socio-demographic factors in the dynamics of criminal behaviour: descriptive analysis of criminality in Colombia, year 2022 / Fatores sociodemográficos na dinâmica do comportamento criminal: análise descritiva da criminalidade na Colômbia, ano de 2022

El presente estudio de carácter descriptivo y analítico tiene como objetivo principal presentar el comportamiento criminal en Colombia para el 2022, desde un enfoque cuantitativo empleado para la extracción, análisis e interpretación de los registros administrativos del Sistema de Información Estadístico, Delincuencial, Contravencional y Operativo (SIEDCO), constituyéndose como un insumo para aquellos interesados en el estudio de la dinámica criminal, así como para quienes se encargan de diseñar estrategias para la contención del delito y la generación de política pública en materia de seguridad. En este sentido y en el marco de las dinámicas sociodemográficas, en una primera parte se aborda de manera general el proceso de homogenización de los registros administrativos llevado a cabo por la Policía Nacional y la Fiscalía General de la Nación. Y en una segunda parte, con especial énfasis en el homicidio intencional, se presenta el análisis de la información que permitió identificar las principales variables que influyen en la comisión del delito, de acuerdo con las cifras contenidas en el SIEDCO, en el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2022, comparado con la misma temporalidad del 2021, en el que se detallan los delitos que afectan la integridad personal y el patrimonio económico de quienes habitan el territorio colombiano; se hallaron incrementos considerables en estos y se resaltan los factores de oportunidad para su comisión, situación contraria a la que se evidenció sobre las afectaciones a la vida y la integridad, conjunto de conductas que, según lo registrado, decrecieron en el periodo analizado. Finalmente, se ofrece un aporte a la contención desde la actividad de policía y una serie de conclusiones que permitan ampliar la visión sobre los diversos fenómenos y enriquecer la generación de conocimiento en el campo de la criminología.

The main objective of this descriptive and analytical study is to present criminal behaviour in Colombia for 2022, from a quantitative approach used for the extraction, analysis and interpretation of the administrative records of the Statistical, Criminal, Contraventional and Operational Information System (SIEDCO), constituting an input for those interested in the study of criminal dynamics, as well as for those responsible for designing strategies for the containment of crime and the generation of public policy on security. In this sense, and within the framework of socio-demographic dynamics, the first part of the paper deals in a general way with the process of homogenisation of administrative records carried out by the National Police and the Attorney General's Office. The second part, with special emphasis on intentional homicide, presents the analysis of the information that made it possible to identify the main variables that influence the commission of the crime, according to the figures contained in SIEDCO, in the period between 1 January and 31 December 2022, compared with the same period in 2021, in which the crimes that affect the personal integrity and economic patrimony of those who live in Colombian territory are detailed; considerable increases were found in these and the factors of opportunity for their commission are highlighted, contrary to the situation that was evidenced in the affectations to life and integrity, a group of conducts that, according to what was recorded, decreased in the period analysed. Finally, we offer a contribution to containment from the police activity and a series of conclusions that allow us to broaden the vision of the diverse phenomena and enrich the generation of knowledge in the field of criminology.

O principal objetivo deste estudo descritivo e analítico é apresentar o comportamento criminal na Colômbia para 2022, a partir de uma abordagem quantitativa utilizada para a extração, análise e interpretação dos registros administrativos do Sistema de Informação Estatística, Criminal, Contravencional e Operacional (SIEDCO), constituindo um insumo para os interessados no estudo da dinâmica criminal, bem como para os responsáveis pela elaboração de estratégias para a contenção do crime e a geração de políticas públicas de segurança. Nesse sentido, e dentro da estrutura da dinâmica sociodemográfica, a primeira parte do artigo trata de forma geral do processo de homogeneização dos registros administrativos realizado pela Polícia Nacional e pela Procuradoria Geral da República. A segunda parte, com ênfase especial no homicídio doloso, apresenta a análise das informações que permitiram identificar as principais variáveis que influenciam o cometimento do crime, de acordo com os números contidos no SIEDCO, no período entre 1º de janeiro e 31 de dezembro de 2022, em comparação com o mesmo período de 2021, no qual são detalhados os crimes que afetam a integridade pessoal e o patrimônio econômico daqueles que vivem em território colombiano; Neles foram encontrados aumentos consideráveis e são destacados os fatores de oportunidade para seu cometimento, ao contrário da situação que se evidenciou nas afetações à vida e à integridade, grupo de condutas que, segundo o que foi registrado, diminuiu no período analisado. Finalmente, oferecemos uma contribuição para a contenção da atividade policial e uma série de conclusões que nos permitem ampliar a visão dos diversos fenômenos e enriquecer a geração de conhecimento no campo da criminologia.

Trastornos de la comunicación en el sistema penitenciario: una revisión sistemática / Communication disorders in the correctional system: a systematic review

Objetivos: La buena comunicación es fundamental para la resolución de los conflictos sociales, especialmente en una comunidad cerrada, como es el caso de las cárceles. Cuando la comunicación se interrumpe a causa de situaciones como pérdidas de audición o dificultades de coordinación, de voz, de lenguaje, de fluidez o la alteración de alguno de los diversos sistemas biológicos, la causa puede ser los denominados trastornos de la comunicación humana. Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo identificar los trastornos de comunicación más comunes entre personas privadas de libertad. Material y método: Revisión sistemática a través de bases de datos de aquellos estudios que analizan reclusos con trastornos de la comunicación en los últimos 38 años. Después de leer sus títulos y resúmenes y aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad, 25 artículos fueron seleccionados e incluidos en la revisión final. Resultados: Se evaluó una muestra de 2.188 individuos. Dos estudios se realizaron solo con poblaciones femeninas, mientras que 12 usaron muestras masculinas, y 11 artículos tuvieron una población mixta. Todos los estudios incluidos evaluaron los trastornos del lenguaje y la comunicación en general, siendo más frecuente las dificultades con el lenguaje. No hay estudios en inglés que evalúen los trastornos del lenguaje y la comunicación en personas encarceladas de países africanos, latinoamericanos o asiáticos. Discusión: Las personas privadas de libertad presentan una alta frecuencia de trastornos del lenguaje y la comunicación, por lo que terminan siendo más vulnerables dentro del sistema penitenciario. Los logopedas son miembros importantes del personal judicial, y mejoran la salud, el bienestar y la participación de las personas en contacto o en riesgo de contacto con el sistema judicial a través de la prevención, la detección temprana, la evaluación y el tratamiento de los trastornos de la comunicación. (AU)

Objectives: Good communication is essential for resolving social conflicts, especially in closed communities such as prisons. When communication is interrupted by factors such as hearing loss or difficulties in coordination, voice, language, fluency, or disruption of any of the biological systems required to communicate, Human Communication Disorders can appear. This review aimed to identify the most prevalent communication disorders amongst prison inmates. Material and method: Systematic review through databases of studies that analyze individual inmates with communication disorders over the last 38 years. After reading the titles and abstracts and applying the eligibility criteria, 25 articles were selected and included in the final review. Results: A sample of 2,188 individuals was evaluated, two studies were conducted with a female population only, while twelve studied exclusively males, and 11 articles had a mixed population. All the studies included evaluated language and communication disorders in general, with language impairment being more prevalent There are no English language studies evaluating language and communication disorders in incarcerated individuals from African countries, Latin America or Asia. Discussion: Inmates have a high prevalence of language and communication disorders, and thus end up being more vulnerable within the prison system. Speech therapists are important members of the legal workforce and improve the health, well-being and participation of people in contact with or at risk of contact with the judicial system through the prevention, early detection, assessment and treatment of communication disorders. (AU)

Divorcio Conflictivo y Terapia Forense: una Intervención Enmarcada en el Paradigma de la Justicia Terapéutica / High-Conflict Divorce and Forensic Therapy: an Intervention Framed in the Paradigm of Therapeutic Justice

La terapia forense constituye un elemento auxiliar de la justicia enmarcada en el paradigma de la justicia terapéutica. En el artículo, se exponen las bases que evidencian la necesidad de este recurso y las características básicas asociadas, así como los aspectos diferenciales respecto a otras posibles intervenciones. Finalmente, se proponen pautas básicas a considerar por los profesionales que asuman estas intervenciones.(AU)

Forensic therapy constitutes an auxiliary element of justice framed in the paradigm of therapeutic justice. In this article, we present the bases that demonstrate the need for this resource and the basic associated characteristics, as well as the differential aspects with respect to other possible interventions. Finally, we propose basic guidelines to be considered by the professionals who assume these interventions.(AU)

Acolhimento no Sistema de Justiça: Saberes e Fazeres da Prática Psicológica / User Embracement In The Justice System: Knowledge and Doing of Psychological Practice / Acogida en el Sistema de Justicia: Conocimientos y Actuaciones de la Práctica Psicológica

Este trabalho visa articular possibilidades e particularidades da realização de acolhimento psicológico no judiciário. A necessidade dessa reflexão se apresentou na experiência de extensionistas em dois projetos ofertados por uma universidade pública, um desenvolvido em assistência judiciária e outro em programa vinculado ao Ministério Público. Como metodologia utilizou-se o levantamento bibliográfico nas plataformas Capes e Pepsic, onde foram encontrados artigos que estruturam o acolhimento em diversas áreas de atuação da psicologia. O acolhimento, na extensão da assistência judiciária, possui perspectiva interdisciplinar que visa identificar não só as demandas jurídicas, mas psicológicas dos sujeitos atendidos. Na proposta em parceria com o MP, este acolhimento está presente em todo o acompanhamento do caso, permitindo intervenção mais qualificada no conflito familiar. Na prática extensionista, articulada com as leituras encontradas, identificou-se que o acolhimento psicológico está presente na atuação no judiciário, porém, diferencia-se das perspectivas da clínica e da saúde. Logo, justifica-se a necessidade de ampliação de pesquisas e debates sobre os limites e as possibilidades desta prática no sistema de justiça.

This paper aims to articulate the possibilities and particularities of carrying out psychological embracement in the judiciary. The need for this reflection was presented in the experience of extensionists in two projects offered by a public university: one developed in legal aid, and the other in a program linked to the Public Prosecutor's Office. The methodology we have used was to run a bibliographic query on the platforms Capes and PePSIC, there, we have found articles that structure the embracement in several areas of psychology. The embracement, in the context of the legal aid, has an interdisciplinary perspective that aims to identify not only the legal but also the psychological demands of the subjects. In this proposal, in partnership with the Public Prosecutor's Office, the embracement should occur throughout the whole monitoring of the case, allowing a more qualified intervention on family conflict. In the extensionist practice articulated with the readings we have found, we identify that the embracement is present in the judiciary psychological practice, although it differs from the clinical and health perspectives. Therefore, there is a need for further research and debates about the limits and possibilities of this practice in the justice system.

Este trabajo pretende articular las posibilidades y particularidades de la implementación de la atención psicológica en el poder judicial. La necesidad de esta reflexión surgió de la experiencia de los extensionistas en dos proyectos ofrecidos por una universidad pública, uno desarrollado en asistencia jurídica y el otro en un programa vinculado al Ministerio Público. Como metodología, se utilizó un relevamiento bibliográfico en las plataformas Capes y Pepsic, donde se encontraron artículos que estructuran el acogimiento en diversas áreas de la psicología. La acogida, en la extensión de la asistencia jurídica, tiene una perspectiva interdisciplinar que pretende identificar no sólo las demandas legales, sino también las psicológicas de los sujetos asistidos. En la propuesta en colaboración con el MP, esta acogida está presente durante todo el seguimiento del caso, permitiendo una intervención más cualificada en el conflicto familiar. En la práctica extensionista, articulada con las lecturas encontradas, se identificó que la acogida psicológica está presente en el desempeño en el Poder Judicial, sin embargo, difiere de las perspectivas clínica y de salud. Por lo tanto, se justifica la necesidad de ampliar la investigación y los debates sobre los límites y las posibilidades de la práctica en el sistema de justicia.